Ideas from 'Reference and Modality' by Willard Quine [1953], by Theme Structure
[found in 'From a Logical Point of View' by Quine,Willard [Harper and Row 1963,0-06-130566-9]].
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expand these ideas
4. Formal Logic / D. Modal Logic ML / 1. Modal Logic
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10928
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Maybe we can quantify modally if the objects are intensional, but it seems unlikely
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5. Theory of Logic / F. Referring in Logic / 1. Naming / b. Names as descriptive
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10925
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Failure of substitutivity shows that a personal name is not purely referential
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5. Theory of Logic / G. Quantification / 1. Quantification
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10926
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Quantifying into referentially opaque contexts often produces nonsense
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9. Objects / D. Essence of Objects / 15. Against Essentialism
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10930
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Quantification into modal contexts requires objects to have an essence
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10. Modality / A. Necessity / 4. De re / De dicto modality
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14645
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To be necessarily greater than 7 is not a trait of 7, but depends on how 7 is referred to
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10. Modality / A. Necessity / 11. Denial of Necessity
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9201
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Whether 9 is necessarily greater than 7 depends on how '9' is described [Fine,K]
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10927
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Necessity only applies to objects if they are distinctively specified
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10. Modality / E. Possible worlds / 3. Transworld Objects / a. Transworld identity
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9203
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We can't quantify in modal contexts, because the modality depends on descriptions, not objects [Fine,K]
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26. Natural Theory / D. Laws of Nature / 8. Scientific Essentialism / e. Anti scientific essentialism
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10931
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We can't say 'necessarily if x is in water then x dissolves' if we can't quantify modally
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